Which type of password cracker uses both dictionary words and additional characters?

A hybrid password cracker combines the features of both dictionary attacks and brute-force techniques. It starts with a list of commonly used words, known as a dictionary, and alters them by adding additional characters, such as numbers or symbols, to create variations. This method enhances the likelihood of cracking passwords that may be based on real words but also include numerical or special character modifications.

By starting with dictionary words, the hybrid method takes advantage of the tendency for individuals to create passwords that are not purely random but instead are based on easily memorable phrases or terms. The addition of characters helps address the common security practices where users modify their chosen words to satisfy complexity requirements.

In contrast, a brute-force attack attempts every possible combination without any pre-defined dictionary, making it time-consuming and inefficient for longer passwords. A standard dictionary attack only uses pre-defined words and doesn't incorporate character variations. An encryption-based option refers to the method of decrypting data rather than cracking passwords directly. The hybrid attack strategy effectively combines these concepts to improve efficiency in cracking a wider range of password types.