What is a security policy?

A security policy is fundamentally a formal document that outlines an organization's security objectives, strategies, and responsibilities. This document serves as a foundational element in defining how an organization approaches security threats and vulnerabilities. By establishing clear objectives, a security policy helps ensure that all staff understand their roles and responsibilities concerning security practices.

It provides a comprehensive framework that guides decision-making, helps manage risks by establishing procedures and response strategies, and empowers organizations to protect their assets effectively. By detailing the overarching principles and protocols for maintaining security, the security policy becomes an essential component for compliance, accountability, and risk management within an organization.

While the other options include elements that are related to security practices—such as rules for behavior or physical security guidelines—they do not encapsulate the broad and formal nature of what a security policy is. A security policy is much more comprehensive than just employee behavior, software checklists, or physical security measures; it is a strategic document that harmonizes all aspects of security within the organization.